An idea, and its voices

“Everything is lawful”

If there is no immortality, there is no virtue — and then who is to blame for a murder?


  1. Miüsov repeatsBk II, ch. 6

    nothing then would be immoral, everything would be lawful, even cannibalism

    Miüsov reports it at the monastery as Ivan’s argument, a clever man’s paradox.

  2. Rakitin repeatsBk II, ch. 7

    if there’s no immortality of the soul, then there’s no virtue, and everything is lawful

    Rakitin passes it on to Alyosha the same afternoon, as gossip about Ivan.

  3. Ivan ownsBk V, ch. 5

    ‘everything is lawful’ since the word has been said. I won’t deny it.

    Ivan claims it himself, to Alyosha, at the end of the Grand Inquisitor.

  4. Alyosha contestsBk V, ch. 5

    Alyosha got up, went to him and softly kissed him on the lips.

    Alyosha does not argue. He answers with the gesture Christ gives the Inquisitor.

  5. Smerdyakov acts onBk XI, ch. 8

    That was quite right what you taught me

    Smerdyakov says he killed on the strength of it, and hands the idea back to its author.

  6. The devil — or Ivan’s fever turns onBk XI, ch. 9

    ‘all things are lawful’ and that’s the end of it! That’s all very charming

    The devil quotes Ivan’s own words back to him, as a joke at his expense.

An idea, and its voices

“Each of us is responsible to all for all”

The novel’s answer to the second question: not one man, but everyone.


  1. Markel, the elder’s brother statesBk VI, ch. 1

    every one is really responsible to all men for all men and for everything

    Said first by the elder’s brother, dying at seventeen, to their mother — as the elder remembers it.

  2. Father Zossima repeatsBk VI, ch. 2

    we are each responsible to all for all

    The elder carries his brother’s words through his own life, and tells them to Alyosha.

  3. Father Zossima answersBk VI, ch. 3

    Love all God’s creation, the whole and every grain of sand in it.

    His teaching turns the idea into practice, set against the Inquisitor’s bread and authority.

  4. Dmitri livesBk IX, ch. 9

    not because I killed him, but because I meant to kill him

    Arrested, Dmitri accepts punishment for a wish, not a deed.

  5. Dmitri livesBk XI, ch. 4

    Because we are all responsible for all.

    In prison, he reaches the elder’s words by his own road, from his dream of the babe.

An idea, and its voices

“I return the ticket”

Ivan’s case against the world God made: no harmony is worth a child’s suffering.


  1. Ivan statesBk V, ch. 4

    It’s not God that I don’t accept, Alyosha, only I most respectfully return Him the ticket.

    After the stories of tortured children, Ivan declines the terms rather than the Creator.

  2. Alyosha contestsBk V, ch. 4

    “That’s rebellion,” murmured Alyosha, looking down.

    Alyosha names it, and cannot yet answer it.

  3. Father Zossima answersBk VI, ch. 3

    Love all God’s creation, the whole and every grain of sand in it.

    Book VI was written as the reply: not a proof, but a way of living in the same world.

The same voices are weighed as evidence in the case file →